Dynamometer



H. o. HEM. DYNAMOIVIETER.

APPLICATION FILED AUG-15 1918.

Patented Aug. 1,1922..

L) 4 SHEETS-SHEET l.

gnam/nio@ DYNAMOMETER.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. I5. 1918.

1,424,357., I Pafeufeaug. 1,1922.

4 SHEET-SHEET 2.

yr1.0. HEM.

DYNAMOMETER.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.I5, 1918.

l y 44 3 I Patented Allg'. I, W22..

1 4 SHEETS-Suter 4.

HALVO, 0. HEM, F TOLED, OHE, SSIGNOR TO TOLEDO SCALE COMPANY,

` TLED, QIEHG, .4%. CORPURTION OF NEW JERSEY.

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Specification of Letters Patent.

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` To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that l, HALvoR 0. HEM, a citizen of the United States,residing at Toledo, in the county of Lucas and State of Ohio, haveinvented certain new and useful mprovements in Dynamometers, of whichthe following is a specification.

This invention relates to dynamometers, and more particularly to theindicating attachments to the torque resisting elements of dynamometersto automatically indicate the force exerted by an engine, motor or thelike to aid in determining the horse power thereof.

Dynamometers of various types have long been used in determining the`horse power of engines, motors, etc., but the general' has always been-to include a single practice torque resistin element in connection witha suitable indicating mechanism. Accordingly, when an engine of largehorse power capacity is to be tested it has been necessary to increasethe size and capacity of the torque resisting element, orl when itbecomes impractical to further enlarge the torque resisting element twoor more such elements are employed, each with a separate indicatingmechanism, and the readings of the several indicating mechanisms have tobe simultaneously taken and figured together in determining the horsepower.

The principal object of' my invention is to so connect two or moretorque resisting elements as to enable the use of a single indicatingmeans to indicate the force exerted by the engine through all suchtorque resisting elements.

`Wi-th the above and other objects in view which will readily appear asthe invention is better understood, my invention consists in the novelconstruction, combination and arrangement of parts to be hereinaftermore fully described and particularly pointed outin the appended claims.

Reference'is to be had to the accompany.

ing drawings illustrating a preferred embodiment of my invention andwherein similar reference numerals designate similar parts throughoutthe several views.

In the drawings :-YA

Figure 1 is a rear elevation of a dynamometer equipped with three torqueresisting units and a single indicating mechanism;

.ments .being coupled together,

ygine,motor or the like to be tested.

Figure 2 is an enlarged front elevation of the indicating mechanism andone of the torque resisting elements;

Figure 3 is a the bell cranklevers employed in the equalizing mechanism;

Figure 4L is a side elevation partly broken away of the mechanism shownin Figure 2;

Figure 5 is a detail section taken substantially on the line'w of Figure3;

Figure 6 is an enlarged detail View of the apertured cap for the thelink connecting the equalizing mechanism with the torque resistingelements; and

Figure 7 is a detail plan view taken substantially on the line 7 7 ofFigure 1 Figure 8 is an elevational View of the 'link and levermechanism interposed between the torque resisting elementsand the forcemeasuring mechanism.`

Referring to the drawings, the numeral 5 designates a base carryingstandards 6 for supporting the shaft 8 of the torque resisting elements7 as many torque resisting eleas at 9, as is considered necessary tosecure sufficient resistance to the force exerted by the en- The torqueresisting elements herein shown may be of any desired type andere chosenmerely for purposes of illustration. As herein represented, each torqueresisting element consists of an armature 10 (see Figure 4:) fixed onthe shaft 8 and a rotatable field 11 so mounted as to be free to rotateabout the same shaft in conformity with the magnetic pull exerted by thearmature in its rotation. The engine or motor is directly connectedthrough a suitable coupling with the shaft 8 and drives all of thearmatures.

Each of the rotatable fields carries diametrically opposed projectinglugs 12 and 12a for connection with the lever mechanismk that any of thelugs 1Q or 12a of any of the torque resisting elements can be connectedwith the indicating mechanism substantially detail elevation of one ofas is the middle torque resisting member ma herein shown.

The indicating attachment is herein shown as comprising'a pair ofoppositely-disposed lsecured within the housing 20. Intermediate thesupporting segments of each pendulum is a larger segment 21 which isalso fixed to the transverse shaft A15, said segment extending at itsperiphery between the pillars of the supportin frame and is connected atits upper en to a flexible metallic ribbon 23 which extends over thearcuate face of the segment and is attached at its lower end to anequalizer bar 24. The construction of the two pendulums is substantiallyidentical and the ribbons 23 'are connected to opposite sides of theequalizer bar 24, which is pivotally connected, as by the link 25, withthe main lever 26 which in turn is connected through suitableintermediate levers with the projecting lug 12 on the torque resistingmem r, the construction and arrangement being such that whenever theprojecting lug 12 is vertically moved a downward pull will be exertedupon the equalizer bar l24 which is transmitted through the ribbons 23to the larger segments 21, causing the swinging of the pendulums so thatthe pendulum Weights thereon are raised to a position counterbalancingthe torque transmitted by the projecting lug 12. During the swingingmovement of the pendulums to counterbalance the torque, the crossbars 17are moved vertically upward and throu'frh the medium of this verticalmovement of t e crossbars the indication on a suitable chart iseffected, the crossbar 17 carrying a vertically-disposed rack 27 meshingwith a pinion 28 fixed upon the indicator shaft 29 car= rying theindlcator hand 30. The indicator shaft is mounted concentrically of thedial 31 having graduations in pounds or other suitable weight unitsinscribed thereon, with which graduations the indicator hand 30 isadapted to co-act in indicating -in terms of Weight the force exerted bythe engine or motor being tested.

The casing 20 is suitably supported upon a casing 33 mounted adjacentthe base 5 and carries bearings 34 supporting the fulcrum pivots of themain lever 26, which as hereinbefore mentioned is connected by the link25 with the pendulum controlling mechanism. The main lever 26 isconnected adjacent one extremity with the plunger 35 of a dash ot 36- orother suitable damping means w ereby the transmission of sudden strainsand shocks from the torque resisting elements is absorbed, permittingtheworking of the indicating mechanism without unthe main lever 26 with theupper shelf lever v 38 fulcrumed as at 39 upon bearings carried by thecasing 33 and connected through the link 4() with the lower shelf lever41 fulcrumed upon bearings carried by a bracket 42 adjnstably mounted ina crossbar 43 of the casing. The lower shelf lever 41 is connectedv withthe projecting lug 12 of the torque resisting element through areversible transmission franie whereby a downward ull is exerted on theshelf lever 41 regard e of whether the lug 12 is swung upwardly ordownwardly. This frame preferably comprises a crossbar 44 suitablysecured in the slot of the lug extending knife edge pivot adjacent oneextremity and an upwardly extending knife edge pivot adjacent itsopposite extremity. The downwardly extending pivot of the crossbar 44normally rests in a bearing 4o carried by the vertically-disposed link46 which at its upper extremity is adjustably connected with a yokemember 47 carrying bearings 48 resting on a pivot carried vby the shelflever 41.l Adjacent its lower extremity this link 46 carries a bearing49 arranged to receive a pivot 50 of the equalarmed lever 51 fulcrumedintermediate its ends upon a bearing 52 carried at the upper extremityof the link At its other extremity the lever 51 carries a pivot 54resting in a bearing 55 carried adjacent the lower extremity of theupright link 56, which link also carries adjacent its upper extremity abearing 57 normally resting upon the upwardly-extending knlfe edge ofthe crossbar 44. The link 53 carries at its lower extremity an aperturedplate 58 loosely surrounding the boltl59 mounted Iin a lug 60 of thelcasing 33.

Whenever the engine to be tested is so connected with the torqueresisting element that the lug 12 connected with the indicatingattachment is swung downwardly from its normal position, this torque istransmitted to. the lower shelf lever 41 and the indicating attachmentdirectly through the crossbar 44 and the link 46, since thedownwardly-extendingvknife edge of the crossbar 44 normally rest-s onthe bearing 45 carried by the link 46. As the crossbar 44 and link 46descends,the lever 51 and -links 53 and 56 idly descend, the aperturedplate 58 freely falling upon the bolt 59. When, on the other hand, theengine to be tested is so connected with the torque resisting elementthat the projecting lug 12 connected with the indicating attachment isswung upwardly from its normal position, the crossbar 44 moves 12 andhaving a downwardly liti away from the bearing 45 and the link 46, butin sodoing carries upwardly the link 56 -through which the arm of thelever 51 connected with the link 56 is elevated and the opposite arm ofthe lever 51 is swung downwardly a corresponding distance (the lever 51being an equal-armed lever). This downward movement of the arm of thelever 5l connected with the link li6 serves to exert a pull upon thelower shelf lever il and the indicating attachment corresponding to thetorque transmitted through the lug l2.

'l` he pendulum controlling means of the in` dicating attachment and itsintermediate levers may be floated through a depending weightl 6lcarried by the main lever 26,

a suitable link 62 being provided to insure vertical movement of thisweight.

lt desired, a graduated beam 63 and Islidable poise 6a may be mounted onthe main lever 26 to increase the counter balancing capacity of theindicating attachment.

To insure the correct indication of the force exerted by the engine eventhough the resistance offered by the several torque resisting elementsvaries in capacity, l have connected the several torque resistingelements by the equalizing mechanism now to be described. ln each of thelugs l21 ol the torque resisting elements is secured a bolt 65 uponwhich is mounted a vertically depending link 66 connected at its lowerentremity to the horizontal arm of the right angled bell crank lever 67which is lulcrumed, as at 68, on a stand carried by the base 5, thevertical arm of this lever being connected, as atv69, with one end of ahorizontally-disposed link 70, the opposite end of which connects withthe vertical arm or' the bell crank lever of the next adjacent torqueresisting element. 'lhe links 66 and 70 arerpreferably threaded at theiropposite ends for adjustable engagement in apertured caps pivotallymounted on the bell crank lever and the bolt 6 5. By means ot thisarrangement the horizontal arm ot the lever 67 can always be maintainedat right angles to the link 66 and the Vertical arm of the bell cranklever always maintained at rightangles to the link 70.v

lt will be seen that by means of my equal- `izing mechanism the rotativeforce exerted by one of the torque resisting elements will beimmediately transmitted to the remaining torque resisting elements, andsince the rotatable lields 11 of the torque resisting elements arefreeto rotate about the armatures 10 it is possible to accumulate themove- I ment of all of the rotatable ields through dll my equalizingmechanism. Thus, if. the'combined resistance of the three torqueresistin elements shown should equal 600 lbs., this torce would be shownon the indicating attachment regardlessV of whether each ol theresisting elements counteracted 200 lbs.

or one of them ahsoiliedV as much as the other two coined. Regardless olthe variance in the resistance of the several elements connectedtogether by my equalizing arrangementl the sum total ot the forceresisted willv he shown on the indicating attachment. A

'lhe operation ol' my improved dynamometer is believed to be apparentfrom the foregoing description. 'lhe engine, motorv -inechanism and theresistance o'ered by all ot the rotatable nelds is thereby accumulatedso that the rotatable lields are moved toatv gether e positionssuiiicient to actuate the indicating mechanism toshow the combinedresistance ci all the torque' resisting elements. rlhis resistance isindicated through the lng l2 connected with the intermediate levers otthe indicating attachment, passing through the intermediate levers tothe pendulums, elevating the pendulums through a siui'icient are tootifset the torce exerted by the engine. The indicating hand 30 isrotated Jfrom the penduliims through a suitable arc to indicate on thedial 3l the torce transmitted terms oi weight units, and this torce interms et horse power units may also be directly read upon the chart 32.

Vlfhile will he apparent that the illustrated embodiment oi my inventionherein disclosed is `Well calculated to adequately fulfill the objectsprimarily stated, it is to be understood that the invention issusceptible to variation, mocation and change without departing trom thespirit and scope of the'invention as set forth in the subjoined claims.

Having described my invention, l claim:

l. ln a Idynamometer, in combination, a plurality or torque resistingelements, and a lever system capable ol receiving force separately fromcertain of said elements Vand transmitting such force to another of iicplurality of torque resisting elements, a

single counter-balancing and indicating device,' a lever system capableof receiving? force separately from certain of said elements andtransmitting such torce' to another of said elements, and means fortransmitting torce from the last-mentioned element to saidcounterbalancing and indicatin device.

3, w a dmeter, the combination of $.30

. the force exerted by the machine to be a plurality of torque resistingLelements, a

plurality of lugs carried by said elements,

be tested. l 5. In a dynamometer, the combination of a plurality oftorque resisting elements, a.

plurality of lugs carried on opposite sides of said elements, equalizingmechanism 4connecting the lugs on one side of the elements, and )asingle indicating attachment con ynected with one of the lugs on `theopposite side of the elements and arranged to show tested. Y

6. In a dynamometer, the combination of a pluralit of torque resistingelements, connections Ween the several elements t0 equalize the extentof movement thereof comprising a series of levers connected tother andto said elements, and a single -'1ndicating attachment connected to oneof said elements and arranged to show the force exerted by the machineto be'tested.

7. In a dynamometer, the combination of a plurality of 'torque resistingelements, connec-tions between the several elements' tov equalizetheextent of movement thereofu comprising a series of bell crank leversconnections between the several levers, an connections from the leversto said elements, and a single indicating attachment comected to one ofsaid elements and arranged to show the force exerted by the machine tobe tested. 45.

8. In a dynamometer, the combination of a plurality ofl torque resistingelements, connections between the several 'elements to equalize theextent ofpmovement thereof, comprisinga series of bell crank levers,adjustable connections between the several levers, and adjustableconnections. from the levers to said elements, and a single indicatingattachment connected to one of said elements and arranged to show theforce exerted by the machine to be tested. Y

9. In a dynamometer, the combination of a plurality of electrictorque'resisting elements including armatures connected together torotate in unison, a rotatable field member surrounding each armature,connections between the several field members to equalize the extent `ofmovement thereof and a single indicating attachment arranged to Vshowthe force exerted by the machine to be tested. .y

' vnearest? nections between the several -feld members Y to equalize thebxtent of movement thereof, and a single indicating attachment connectedto one of said elements and arra d to show the force exerted by themachine to betested. L

11. In a dynamometer, the combination of a plurality of electric torqueresisti elements including armatures connec together to rotate inunison, rotatable leld members surrounding said armature and 'providedwith 1ugsan 'equalizing mechanism connecting the several lugs, and asingle indicatin attachment connected to one of said fiel membersyandarranged to show the force exerted by the machine to be tested.

12. In a dynamometer, the combination of a plurality of electricA torqueresisting elements including armatures connected to7 gether to rotate 1nunison, rotatable Vfield members surrounding said armatures andAprovided with lugs, an equalizing mechamsm comprising a series of`levers connected-together and to the lugs for equalizing the extent ofmovement ofY said members, and a single -indicating attachment connectedto one of said field members and arranged to show the force exerted bythe machine to betested.

13. ,In a dynamometer, the combination of 'a plurality of electrictorque resisting elements including armatures connected together torotate in unison, rotatable field members surrounding said armatures andprovided with oppositely-disposed lugs, an equalizing mechanismconnected to the lugs on one side of said field members, and anindicating attachment connected 'to the lugs on the op osite side ofsaid field members to show t e force exerted bythe machine to be tested.i l

14. In a dynamometer, the combination of 'a plurality of electric torqueresisting ele of said field members to showt e force exerted b themachine to be tested.

15. n a dynamnmeter, the combination of a pluralit of electric torqueresistin elements'inc uding armatures connecte together to rotate inunison, mtatable leld members surrounding said and OPP lat equalizeV theextent 'of movement thereof, andI and 'an indicating ,rangedtocounterbalance said force.

Laagste provided with oppositely-disposed lugs, an equalizing mechanismconnected to the lugs on one side of said lield members comprising aseries of bell crank levers, connections between the levers andconnections between the levers and said lugs, and an indicatingattachment` connected to, the lugs on the osite side of said fieldmembers to show the force exerted by the machine to be tested.

16. In a dynamometer, the combination of a plurality of electric torqueresisting elements including armatures connected together to rotate inunison, rotatable field members surrounding said armatures and providedwith oppositely-disposed lugs, an equalizing mechanism connected to thelugs on one side of said field members comprising a series of bell cranklevers, adjustable con nections between the levers and adjustableconnections between the levers and said lugs, attachment connected tothe lugs onfthe opposite side of said field members 'to showv the forceexerted by the machine to be tested.

y 17. ln a'dynamometer, the combination of a plurality of torqueresisting elements, connectionsbetween the several .elements to4equalize the extent of movement thereof, and a single indicatingattachment connected to one of said elements and arranged to show theforce exerted by the engine to be tested, includin a plurality vofinterconnected levers and pen ulum counterbalance mechanism.

18.V ln la dynamometer, the combination of a plurality of torqueresisting elements, connections between the several elements to equalizethe extent of movement thereof,

and a single indicating attachment con-` nected to one of said elementsand arranged to show the .force exerted by the engine to be tested,including a plurality of interconnected levers anda' pair of pendulumsar-v 19. In a dynamometer, the combination of a plurality of torqueresisting elements, connections between the several elements to a singleindicating attachment connected to one of said elements and arranged toshow the forceexerted by the engine to be tested, including a dial, anindicating hand moving thereover, a pendulum counterbalance arranged tooperate said hand, and a series of interconnected levers between thependulum .comprising a series of levers connected together and to saldelements, and a single indicating attachment arranged to show the forceexerted by the engine to be tested.

22.4 In a dynamometer, a plurality of sepand a single arable torqueresisting elements, and means for automatically indicating the combinedresistance of the several elements in either direction andforce-transmitting connections between said elements and indicatingmeans.'

23. In a dynamometer, the combination of a plurality of separatedelectric torque re sisting elements, includin armatures connected torotate together, eld members surrounding said armatures, and a forcemeasuring device so connected to all of said field members as toindicate the force required .to prevent their turning withsaidarmatures.

24. ln a dynamometer, the combination of a' plurality of sistingelements, including armatures connected to rotate together,interconnected field members surrounding' said armatures, anda forcemeasuring device so connected of said field members as to indicate the`total force required' to prevent their turning with said armatures.

25. ln a dynamometer, the combination of a plurality of separatedelectric torque resisting elements, including armatures con-v nected torotate together, field members surrounding said armatures, and means forautomatically indicating thetotal force required to prevent said :fieldmembers turning withsaid armatures. r -v `HALVR O. HEM. -Witnesses fGEORGE H FRYE,

FRANCES C. Dom.

separated electric torque-ref to jone

